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For ease of search the Frequently Asked Questions are categorized into following sections:
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| Cataract |
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What is Cataract? A cataract is a clouding of the eyes natural crystalline lens that may affect one or both eyes. When left untreated, cataracts can progress over time and lead to severe loss of vision. What are the problems associated with Cataract? There is a painless progressive diminution of vision. Initially some help is achieved by changing the spectacle number, but in advance cases the spectacles also prove to be ineffective. Who are normally affected by Cataract? The formation of cataracts is a natural part of the aging process which is called senile cataract. Cataract can sometimes occur in the new born due to development problems, in the young due to injury and in any age due to an extension of another eye problem. What are the usual symptoms indicating Cataract? There is a painless gradual decrease in vision. Early cataract is associated with difficulty in reading in normal light conditions, and extra illumination is required. Excessive glare and reduced sharpness can make night driving difficult. In advanced cases there is complete loss of sight and pupil becomes pearly white in color. What is the treatment for Cataract? There are no medications or other treatments to make cataracts go away. The answer lies only in surgery where the cataract is removed and replaced by an intra-ocular lens (IOL). What is the Phaco Technique? This is the best accepted technique (surgery) to remove cataract in the world through which a small 2-3 millimeter incision technique is used that does not require injection, stitch and bandage. Through this small incision, the cloudy natural lens is removed by an ultrasonic instrument and a clear, foldable artificial lens is placed inside the eye to replace the lens that was removed. These lens implants, or IntraOcular Lenses (IOLs), are made of plastic, silicone, or acrylic, requiring no care or maintenance, and become a permanent part of the eye. The procedure is called Phacoemulsification or Phaco. Why Phaco technique better than conventional technique? As this technique does not require injection, stitch and bandage a person may resume routine activities within a day or two after surgery. It also reduces post-operative discomfort, shortens stays in the operating room, and improves post-operative recoveries. Will I need to use glasses after surgery? The lens which is placed in the eye is of a fixed power. The power of the lens for a particular eye is calculated with the help of an eye ultrasound. After surgery, for most patients routine distance activities can be carried out without glasses. For reading, glasses would be required. Is there a lens which can give me good clarity for both distance and near vision? Yes. These are called multifocal intra-ocular lens and give good vision without glasses for distance and reading. However in certain eye condition, a need for using a little spectacle correction may be felt for very fine work. Can an immature cataract be operated by Phaco? It is easier and safer to operate on an immature cataract by Phaco. As the cataract matures, it tends to become harder requiring more Phaco energy to do the same job. Beyond a certain limit, excess energy may cause harm to the eye. What is the difference between a foldable and a non-foldable lens? Foldable (soft) lens has a diameter of 6.0 mm and is made of plastic, silicone, or acrylic. It can be injected through a needle into the eye through the 2-3 mm opening made for the surgery and the lens unfolds automatically to take its position. Non-foldable (hard) lens has a diameter of 5.5 mm and the incision has to be enlarged to 5.5 mm to introduce this lens. However the incision still remains self-sealing and requires no sutures, but it may induce some curvature changes in the eye. What are the investigations required before cataract surgery? The Blood Pressure (BP) and Blood Sugar should be in control. E C G and a medical checkup may be required in some cases. Back to Top |
| Oculoplasty |
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What is oculoplasty? Oculoplastic deals with disease and surgery of the structures around the eye. Oculoplastic Surgery, also known as plastic and reconstructive surgery of the eye. This may include tear drainage problems, eyelid malposition, eye socket, eyelids and face. Back to Top |
| DCR |
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What is DCR? If the blockage occurs in the drainage system pathway (nasolacrimal duct), patient may require surgery to bypass the blockage and create a new pathway for tears to drain into the nose. The surgery, called DCR (dacryocsytorhinostomy). Why surgery is needed for watering of eyes? With age and/or trauma and scarring, the lids may stretch and pull away from the surface of the eye, and turn in (entropion) or turn out (ectropion). This results in eye irritation and watering. Surgery is used to restore the normal position of the eyelid. If the watering is due to a nasolacrimal duct block, patient will need a DCR surgery. Back to Top |
| Squint |
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What is squint? Squint is a misalignment of the two eyes. The two eyes appear to not be looking in the same direction. This misalignment may be constant, being present throughout the day or it may appear sometimes and the rest of the time the eyes may be straight. What is the symptoms for squint? In a child, the parents may notice the deviation of eyes. It is important to remember that the eyes of a newborn are rarely aligned at birth. The alignment establish at 3-4 weeks of age. Therefore squint in any child who is more than one month old must be taken seriously and should be evaluated by an ophthalmologist immediately. Adults may notice double vision or misalignment of the eyes also. What are the problems with squint? When the eyes are not aligned properly, each of the eyes is focusing on a different object and sends signal to the brain. These two different images reaching the brain lead to confusion and may have either of the two effects. A child would ignore the image coming from the deviated eye, and thus sees only one image. But in the process, he loses the depth perception. This suppression of the image from the deviating eye results in poor development of vision in this eye, which is known as amblyopia. What is the treatment for squint? Treatment depends on the type of squint and may include spectacles, patching, eyedrops, surgery or any combination of these. An eye doctor will decide on the best treatment course for the patient after a series of tests. Are glasses necessary? Surgery can not replace the need for glasses. If the child has significant refractive error, glasses are a must. In some cases wearing glasses may correct squint. In other cases, wearing glasses help the eyes to see clearly. This clear vision is very important for the treatment of amblyopia, and also for maintaining the coordination of eyes, once they have been aligned by surgery. Back to Top |
| Glaucoma |
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What is glaucoma? Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases involving progressive damage to the optic nerve accompanied by a build up of pressure inside the eye. It is a sight threatening and often symptom less diseases and has a strong family history. If left untreated, glaucoma can result in significant vision loss and even blindness. How common is glaucoma? Worldwide, glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness. Millions of people are blind in both eyes from this disease. Many individuals with glaucoma, however, may not know that they have the disease. The reason they are unaware is that glaucoma initially causes no symptoms, and the subsequent loss of side vision (peripheral vision) is usually not recognized. Are there different types of glaucoma? The 2 main types of glaucoma are open-angle glaucoma and angle-closure glaucoma. In angle-closure glaucoma, the normal drainage canals within the eye are blocked, and this block can be acute (sudden) or chronic (long-lasting). In open-angle glaucoma, the drainage system remains open, but is dysfunctional. Other types include congenital glaucoma, normal tension glaucoma, and secondary glaucoma. What are the signs and symptoms of glaucoma? There are usually no signs that an individual is developing glaucoma until vision loss occurs, which is why it's so important to have regular eye exams. An eye doctor can detect and treat high IOP before it progresses to optic nerve damage and vision loss. What does glaucoma suspect mean? A glaucoma suspect is a person in whom, the doctor’s opinion, there is a high chance of developing glaucoma. This maybe due to the elevated eye pressure or the appearance of the optic nerves. Some people may have pressures that are higher than normal, but is not associated with optic nerve damage and vision loss, but they do not develop glaucoma, and are called ocular hypertensives. Other people have optic nerves that might appear to be abnormal, but, in fact, are actually normal for them. Am I risk for Glaucoma? Everyone is at risk for glaucoma. However certain groups are at higher risk than others. People at high risk for glaucoma should get a complete eye exam, including eye dilation, every one or two years. If you are over age 60, diabetic or have a family member with glaucoma, you are at higher risk for glaucoma than others. Other risk factors are steroid users, eye injury, High myopia (nearsightedness), Hypertension, central corneal thickness less than .5 mm etc. How is glaucoma diagnosed? An eye doctor (ophthalmologist) can usually detect those individuals who are at risk for before nerve damage occurs. The doctor also can diagnose patients who already have glaucoma by observing their nerve damage or visual field loss. These tests includes Tonometry, Gonioscopy, Ophthalmoscopy, Pachymetry, Visual Field testing all of which are painless, may be part of this evaluation. How is glaucoma treated? The only known method of treating glaucoma is to decrease the eye pressure. For this, your doctor will prescribe eye drops, and in rare conditions, oral medications. If eye drops alone do not lower the pressure enough, laser procedures or surgery may be required. Patients of angle closure glaucoma need a laser treatment called peripheral iridectomy, which is an attempt to create a bypass channel to restore the drainage in the eye. Is glaucoma curable? Vision loss from glaucoma cannot be reversed. Routine eye exams are essential to discover glaucoma early and begin glaucoma treatment before significant vision loss has occurred. Can I have LASIK surgery if I have glaucoma? People being treated for glaucoma typically are not good candidates for LASIK. This is because a suction device is used on the eye during the creation of the corneal flap during LASIK surgery, and this briefly causes a significant increase in IOP. Back to Top |
| diabetic eye disease |
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What is diabetic eye disease? Diabetic eye disease refers to a group of eye problems that people with diabetes may face as a complication of this disease. All can cause severe vision loss or even blindness. Diabetic eye disease includes:
Diabetic retinopathy. This disease is a leading cause of blindness in the world. It is caused by changes in the blood vessels of the retina. In some people with diabetic retinopathy, retinal blood vessels may swell and leak fluid. In other people, abnormal new blood vessels grow on the surface of the retina. These changes may result in vision loss or blindness. Can diabetic retinopathy be treated? Yes. Eye care professional may suggest laser surgery in which a strong light beam is aimed onto the retina. Laser surgery and appropriate followup care can reduce the risk of blindness by 90 percent. However, laser surgery often cannot restore vision that has already been lost, which is why finding diabetic retinopathy early is the best way to prevent vision loss. Can diabetic retinopathy be prevented? Not totally, but risk can be greatly reduced. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) showed that better control of blood sugar level slows the onset and progression of retinopathy and lessens the need for laser surgery for severe retinopathy. How common are the other diabetic eye diseases? If you have diabetes, you are also at risk for other diabetic eye diseases, such as cataract and glaucoma. People with diabetes develop cataract at an earlier age than people without diabetes. Cataract can usually be treated by surgery. A person with diabetes is nearly twice as likely to get glaucoma as other adults. And, as with diabetic retinopathy, the longer you have had diabetes, the greater your risk of getting glaucoma. Glaucoma may be treated with medications, laser surgery, or conventional surgery. What can you do to protect your vision? Finding and treating the disease early, before it causes vision loss or blindness, is the best way to control diabetic eye disease. So if you have diabetes, make sure you get a comprehensive dilated eye examination at least once a year. Back to Top |
| Retina |
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What is retina? The retina is a very thin layer of tissue that lines the inner part of the back of the eye and functions like the film of a camera. It captures light like camera film and then transmits that image to the brain so that it can be processed into a visual image. The macula is the most specialized area of this retina tissue and allows us to see detailed, central vision. This is the vision that allows us to read, watch television, and recognize faces. What are the danger symptoms of a detached retina? Any of the following symptoms are an eye emergency and you must consult a doctor immediately. Light flashes, or curtain obstructing part or all of your vision, a sudden shower of floaters that resemble spots, or spider webs and a sudden decrease of vision. What should I do if I have the above symptoms? You need to contact your eye specialist urgently. Receiving immediate treatment increases the chances of you regaining or retaining your vision, and limiting further loss. What is macular degeneration? Macula is the most sensitive part of the retina and its degration results in loss of vision. It may present as a decrease in vision, distortion of objects or impaired colour vision. There are two types of macualr degeneration: wet and dry.Regular eye exams are recommended to detect macular degeneration the early stage. Back to Top |
| Lasik |
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How does the Lasik laser procedure work? All vision disorders for which glasses have to be used are measured in terms of sphere, cylinder or a combination of both. The best-corrected vision is termed 6/6 or 20/20. In simple Lasik, the sphere and cylinder power of a person eye is fed into the memory of the laser machine, and the laser then corrects the error. Will I be totally free from spectacles? 95% of the people will be totally free from their spectacles. 5% will have mild variation from their zero targeted correction due to varying healing patterns in different individuals, but will have their dependency reduced on spectacles. After 3 to 6 months laser enhancement can be attempted to correct these individuals further. People over the age of 45 who opt for distance vision correction, may need reading glasses. Are the results achieved from Lasik permanent? The effects of lasik on the cornea are permanent. Sometimes, internal changes within an eye may come with age and these may have some effect on the overall visual status. For example, a high myopia may progress even after the age of 18 years, or a person may require reading glasses after the age of forty like any normal individual. When can I return to work? After 2 to 3 days. How safe is this procedure? Lasik is a very safe procedure but like any other surgical procedure it can have some complications which are extremely rare if a proper screening check is done prior to the procedure. This includes measuring the corneal thickness with an ultrasound, Orbscan analysis of the cornea and a retina check. Nobody in our surgical experience has ever lost sight due to this procedure. Can I wear spectacles or contact lenses after Lasik surgery? If the need arises they can be used. What precautions do i need to take before and after Lasik? You should avoid wearing contact lenses for 1 week (at the least 3 days) prior to lasik. On the day of lasik avoid any form of facial and eye cosmetics and perfumes. After lasik , you can resume all your routine activities in 2-3 days. However, if your profession involves excessive computer use then it is advisable to wait for one week before resuming your work. Has anyone ever gone blind from a LASIK eye surgery or any other type of laser vision correction? To this date there have been no reported cases of total loss of vision. Will my eyes need to be patched? No, your eyes will not be patched after the LASIK eye surgery. You will wear eye shields at bedtime for one week for protection after the procedure. Do I need to use eye drops after the procedure? You will use medicated eye drops for 1 week after your treatment. Artificial tears are recommended to help alleviate dry eyes. In some circumstances, your surgeon may recommend an eye drop to increase tear production. How long will I be on medications? Generally speaking a patient is on eye drops for 8 weeks. Can LASIK successfully treat nearsightedness, farsightedness and astigmatism? Yes, LASIK can successfully treat all three of these vision conditions. If I have cataracts can LASIK fix this problem? No, LASIK is not an appropriate surgery for cataracts. LASIK is performed on the front surface (cornea) of the eye. Cataract surgery is the replacement of the cloudy lens inside the eye with an implant. How long will the surgery take? We typically ask the patient to arrive one hour prior to the scheduled surgery time to ensure that we have answered all of your questions and to perform any tests required for final surgical planning. The actual surgical time is typically less than 10 minutes per eye. Can both eyes have surgery on the same day or do I need to schedule 2 surgery dates? In the vast majority of cases, LASIK is performed on both eyes during the same session. However one eye may be done at a time by choice. Can I drive home after the surgery? No, you will need to arrange for a ride home. Because it is likely that you'll have light sensitivity and some discomfort for 3 -4 hours after your procedure, it is best that you rest at home that evening. Will I experience any pain? Most patients experience very little discomfort during laser eye surgery. During the first few days after treatment you may experience some discomfort but medication and eye drops will assist with this. Back to Top |
| Pink Eye/Conjunctivitis |
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What Is Pink Eye? Pink eye — also called conjunctivitis — is inflammation of the thin, clear covering of the white of the eye and the inside of the eyelids (conjunctiva).Although the conjunctiva is transparent, it contains blood vessels that overlay the sclera of the eye. Anything that triggers inflammation will cause these conjunctival blood vessels to dilate. This is what causes the eye's pink or reddish appearance. What Causes Pink Eye? The primary types of conjunctivitis, based on cause, are:
The treatment of pink eye depends on the type of conjunctivitis you have: Viral conjunctivitis - In most cases, viral conjunctivitis will run its course over a period of several days and no medical treatment is required or indicated. A home remedy of applying a cold, wet washcloth to the eyes several times a day can relieve symptoms. (Due to the highly contagious nature of this type of pink eye, be sure not to share this washcloth with others!). Bacterial conjunctivitis - Your eye doctor typically will prescribe antibiotic eye drops or ointments for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis. Allergic conjunctivitis - Allergy medications often can help prevent or shorten bouts of allergic conjunctivitis. Sometimes these medications must be started before allergy season or allergy flare-ups begin. Ask your doctor for details. It often can be difficult to tell the type of conjunctivitis you have by symptoms alone (or if some other eye problems or underlying health conditions are causing your symptoms). Back to Top |
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